Hyperlinks work in Preview and Test, but not in actual sent email

Hello-- my team just sent an email where all hyperlinks are functional in Preview, Test, and the cached/archived URL link, but are not functional in the actual sent email. I sent a new Test email after deployment, and links are still functional. All links in the actual email seem to direct to the same non-page (here).

Is there any explanation for this, whether it be user error or something else?